Gordon Duff Day

Time to “Get on your ‘Duff'” 1 of 2… Gordon Duff VT 9-8-14… “VT Nuclear Education: Answering the Hype”

Posted on 2014/09/08 by kauilapele
Two neat pieces from Gordon Duff came out today. This first one is kind of a technical type, but speaks of “free energy” and the “Nazi Bell”, and other technology that has been explored in the 20th century. So here is one of two.

“Releasing information is a balancing act, leverage, blackmail, push-back or simply the armies of stooges, police informants and time wasters that bad brain chemistry, 3rd rate intellect and the internet have empowered, crawling out from under their rocks. This will bring out even more. They have become easy to recognize as a cockroach in an omelet.
“…Getting information from sources, real sources, is a process. They give you want they can or wish or are told to. You believe it or not, based on your own background, your ability to “push back” and what you can or cannot confirm from parallel sources.
“No real information ever hits a book.”

VT Nuclear Education: Answering the Hype
By Gordon Duff and America’s Nuclear Weapons Design Teams
I received a series of questions from Dr. Preston James today.  The questions included issues that were related to suppressed quantum physics, nuclear weapons and issues involving what we jokingly refer to as “friends from out of town.”  Yes, we are borrowing that from Hollywood and rightly so in this case.
For the past 3 months, we have been publishing, sometimes a flood, other times a trickle, of classified information.  The term “classified” itself is a misnomer.  This simply means facts, not always the truth, but “facts” as we put it now, inside quotation marks, that others with armed thugs to support them and stolen cash, usually yours, don’t want you to know.
Releasing information is a balancing act, leverage, blackmail, push-back or simply the armies of stooges, police informants and time wasters that bad brain chemistry, 3rd rate intellect and the internet have empowered, crawling out from under their rocks.  This will bring out even more.  They have become easy to recognize as a cockroach in an omelet.
Kevin Barrett had asked me a couple of days ago to put this in book form.  This is what I told him:  Getting information from sources, real sources, is a process.  They give you want they can or wish or are told to.  You believe it or not, based on your own background, your ability to “push back” and what you can or cannot confirm from parallel sources.
No real information ever hits a book.  Chris Bollyn, in many ways a great investigative journalist, ran into this on 9/11.
I even look at the 2003 report that Snowden dropped on the Russians, stolen nukes, Bout, Israel, the story the media is working overtime to suppress.  When I go over what others of us have learned since 2003 with the DOE and IAEA investigators who were gagged and silenced by 2005, choked off from all new data, they are astounded at how much we got right, how much we missed but, moreover, how much we could have helped them.  These are nerds, some of them, the IAEA guys with years of field experience as well, some with strong special operations experience, but still nerds.
They are hybrids.  On the other side are the aged “Cold Warriors,” who grew up with the grand chess game with the Soviet bloc, looking beneath layer after layer, plot within plot.

No book comes out of this because no real investigation can ever be frozen in time.  Only movies have an ending, they run the credits and you wait for the sequel.  Real intelligence working teams continually reevaluate data, run changing hypotheses, and come up with endless new unanswered questions.  All new knowledge should add to unanswered questions, not to a book.  This is the failure of the “sniffers,” they never asked real questions.  Others of us, the Cold Warriors, when we see the questions stop, come to recognize the “limited hangout.”
The internet has made many lazy.  One new fact, sometimes an absolute gem of information intelligence agencies would and did kill for, to the untrained and undiscerning, means nothing.  All information is based on entertainment value, how marketable the story.  I just finished a recent piece on VT covering 9/11 and ISIS.  After one paragraph that presents a valid hypothesis, it then unravels into agenda driven garbage and “junk analysis.”
Let me tell you a secret:  The “west” accidentally murdered a valuable asset when they allowed themselves to be tied to supporting groups labeled with “Al Qaeda.”  Al Qaeda was an all purpose “brand” as it were, for an excuse to bomb the holy living shit out of anyone and anything.  Then John McCain and 2 generals working for Fox News showed the world that Al Qaeda was really an American handpuppet.
ISIS is a neocon creation with up to 4 dozen American contractors, Rangers, SEALs, Marines and Special Forces in their midst, receiving $350,000 a year laundered through the Caymans (see:  Mitt Romney), directing operations.  There is nothing we don’t know about ISIS.
Today you get a look at more boring science, boring to some at least.  What do the guys who make those secret UFO’s seen over Nevada or those pocket nuclear weapons think about some of the questions Dr. James had to ask?  Then again, it is for him to tell you the ones that got no answers.  Some went to “the labs,” others go to “the reading group.”  For those who live with a burning curiosity and would rather die informed than “safe,” reviewing our recent archive and writing your own little tiny book might be worthwhile.  I sure as hell won’t be writing it as to me, the movie never ends.g
Zero point energy is based on the Aether theory. Since Aether has a dielectric constant of 1 it can neither store nor lose an electrical charge. There for it is the perfect medium for the loss less transmission of energy. The Aethers function is to only transfer energy without loss. Aether sits between hydrogen and Helium on the periodic table taking up positions # two and three in “atomic weight”. One is called dark energy and the other is called dark matter.
Einstein only said that since aether was a lossless substance that is carried along with the earth like our atmosphere, you could basically ignore it in all calculations because it acts as an invisible substance. He never said that it did not exist. IE if space is curved because all magnetic lines of force are curved then it cannot be empty. Magnetism is the primary electro motive force that drives the universe. You cannot create nor destroy an electron, proton or a neutron. They are the only particles that do work (energy)or create matter. All sub atomic theory is nothing but science fiction that will never be proven.
There has never been one single sub atomic particle that has ever been detected in any nuclear explosion!!!! So the CERN ion-collider is a joke. They got it up to 4 million TERRA VOLTS at 64 micro watts per second or Jewels and nothing. No god particle exists, just junk science. Even if sub atomic particles do exist, anything smaller than a Gamma ray is not detectable. Sub atomic particles do no work nor create matter. It is the so called “lines of force” that hold all matter together and control the universe. They are the smallest particles if you want to call them a particle. The word particle means inadvisable.
By studying the effects of nuclear explosions or chain reactions you learn how the universe really works. The earth oscillates at about 3.14 hertz. Actually slightly less about 3.13 Hertz. All planets and stars oscillate due to the fact that they are spherical resonators isolated in space. You can see this oscillation on any really good computer based audio spectrum analyzer program. The signal sits at about -60DB. Tesla discovered this. It is not Schumann resonance. That is atmospheric oscillations only. If you tune into this with a really big coil you can draw energy from it. This is the true zero point energy.
If you use a magnetometer program in your cell phone you can find local hot spots that amplify this signal. They are called lay lines and nodes or anti nodes. Back in the 1920′s they were called earth currents. or telluric currents. You can wiki that. Gravity is based on this oscillation. The square root of 9.81 meters per second is PI.or 3.13 hertz. Gravity is the earth’s angular velocity due to rotation. This produces negative buoyancy by the body absorbing magnetic field lines. A gyro locks onto this signal. That is how it works. In order to create anti-gravity or to cancel gravity you simply push out the magnetic field lines using plasma. This is called positive buoyancy. Just like in ships and hot air balloons. Hot air is a plasma. This is how UFO’s work.
The key is magnetic buoyancy using plasma shielding of some type.
The Bell

In 1912, German physicist C. Ramsauer discovered the collision cross section of an electron with gas atoms is related to the speed of the electron. When the electron energy is relatively high, the scattering section of an Argon atom increases with a decrease in electron energy. But when the electron energy is less than a dozen eV, the scattering section decreases rapidly with a decrease in electron energy. In 1922, British physicist J. Townsend found a similar phenomenon. In classical theory, scattering section is independent of the speed of an electron, while Ramsauer and Townsend’s experimental results indicate an opposite theory, which can only be explained by quantum mechanics.

The Poulsen arc converter is a continuous duty arc generator with a tuned connected across the arc. The negative resistance characteristics of an electric arc permits the creation of a relaxation oscillator that converts direct current in to radio frequency energy. The arc converter consisted of a water-cooled chamber in which the arc burned in hydrogen gas between a cathode and a water-cooled anode. Above and below this chamber there are two series of field coils surrounding the two poles of the magnetic circuit. These poles are projected into the chamber, one on each side of the arc to provide a very intense magnetic field. The magnetic field helps to stabilize the arc and improve the efficiency of the plasma field.
Experimentation with this began as far back as WW1 by the Germans for the purpose of artificially making Helium gas out of Hydrogen gas. IE the basis of early German nuclear fusion experimentation was based on the cut off of American helium supply during the 1920′s and 30′s.
These reactions were well known by German scientist at the time and during WW2 it was weaponized by the Nazi’s resulting in the so called Nazi Bell experiments involving both nuclear Fission and nuclear Fusion research. In the Germans rush to develop nuclear weapons using this process they also discovered the phenomenon of Magnetic Buoyancy or Anti-Gravity.Early research into nuclear fission and fusion were published in Kernphysikalische Forschungsberichte (Research Reports in Nuclear Physics), this was a internal publication of the German Uranverein. Reports in this publication were classified Top Secret, by the Nazi high command and they had very limited distribution.
The authors were not allowed to even keep copies. The reports were confiscated under the Allied Operation Alsos and sent to the United States Atomic Energy Agency for evaluation.In 1971, most of the reports were declassified and returned to Germany. The surviving reports are available at the Karlsruhe Research Center. The Alsos Mission was part of the Manhattan Project during WW2 to create an atomic bomb. The Manhattan Project was also put in charged of coordinating foreign intelligence related to enemy nuclear activity, and the Alsos Mission was created to investigate the German nuclear Energy program.
The key to this discovery was the use of a modified WW1 era device used in very high powered spark gap transmitters called a Poulsen Ark Generator modified to be feed with either uranium oxide in a liquid form that was vaporized in an atomizer before undergoing electromagnetic compression in an arc chamber or by injecting the cell with a form of deuterium fluoride gas producing a low level nuclear reaction. IE Cold Fusion. By creating massive plasma balls that were contained within the arc chamber the Germans also discovered the effect of magnetic buoyancy or anti-gravity.
It was found that a very large plasma fire ball when properly contained and controlled would push out the magnetic field lines of the earth and the device would lose weight having to be chained down in some instances due to the massive repulsive force generated by the plasma fire ball against the earths natural magnetic field lines.
This diamagnetic effect was so strong that the Germans under the command of the SS tried to weaponize the effect. The results were called the Nazi Bell experiments on anti gravity propulsion and nuclear fission/fusion.
One of the biggest side effects were that every time they ran the reactor massive amounts of nuclear radiation would be released. The radiation problem was so sever that experiments could only be ran for a few minutes at a time. Engineers and technicians working on the project had to be constantly replace due to massive radiation sickness killing them off like flies. After the war the technology disappeared under project Paperclip. Recently some documents on the project have been discovered in old WW2 era KGB archives including the flowing drawings. More information on this technology will be published in a new upcoming book on the hidden history of German nuclear weapons and anti-gravity research.
Supporting Materials:

Muon catalyzed fusion (μCF) or Cold Fusion occurs in all layers of the hydrogen structure H/.1%T ⊕D 2 ⊕HD. The layer H/T acts as an emitter source of energetic atoms, due to the so-called Ramsauer-Townsend effect. These atoms are slowed down in the second layer of atoms (called a degrader) and are forced to undergo nuclear fusion in HD. The degrader affects the velocity of the atomic particles. This effect has not been considered until now in μCF catalytic reactions. It is due to the Townsend effect, considerable catalytic reactions occur producing excess thermal heat and radiation.
High precision study of muon catalyzed fusion in D2 and HD gas
Muon catalyzed dd fusion in D2 and HD gases in the temperature range from 28 to 35 K experiments based on a ionization chamber operating with pure hydrogen.
Muon Dynamics H–T/D2/H2–D2 at Low Temperature
Recently, muon catalyzed fusion in multilayered targets with H/D/T at temperature 3 K has been investigated. The latest theoretical and experimental works have confirmed that muon conversion efficiency in such multilayered systems is low.
Experimental search for the radiative capture reaction d + d → 4He + γ from the ddμ muonic molecule state J =
A search for the catalyzed fusion reaction d + d→ 4He + γ  was performed using  a high-pressure target filled with deuterium it was exposed to a electron beam.
A modified approach to muon-catalyzed fusion, employing helium-3 as fuel
Muon-catalyzed fusion (μCF) or cold fusion, employing hydrogen isotopes, is the only known form of fusion not requiring extremely high temperatures in order to catalyze a reaction. A modified approach utilizing existing and currently developing technology but employing helium-3 as the fuel source has recently been tried.


Thanks to KP


continued below....

Time to “Get on your ‘Duff'” 1 of 2… Gordon Duff VT 9-8-14… “VT Nuclear Education: Answering the Hype”

Posted on 2014/09/08 by kauilapele
Two neat pieces from Gordon Duff came out today. This first one is kind of a technical type, but speaks of “free energy” and the “Nazi Bell”, and other technology that has been explored in the 20th century. So here is one of two.

“Releasing information is a balancing act, leverage, blackmail, push-back or simply the armies of stooges, police informants and time wasters that bad brain chemistry, 3rd rate intellect and the internet have empowered, crawling out from under their rocks. This will bring out even more. They have become easy to recognize as a cockroach in an omelet.
“…Getting information from sources, real sources, is a process. They give you want they can or wish or are told to. You believe it or not, based on your own background, your ability to “push back” and what you can or cannot confirm from parallel sources.
“No real information ever hits a book.”

VT Nuclear Education: Answering the Hype
By Gordon Duff and America’s Nuclear Weapons Design Teams
I received a series of questions from Dr. Preston James today.  The questions included issues that were related to suppressed quantum physics, nuclear weapons and issues involving what we jokingly refer to as “friends from out of town.”  Yes, we are borrowing that from Hollywood and rightly so in this case.
For the past 3 months, we have been publishing, sometimes a flood, other times a trickle, of classified information.  The term “classified” itself is a misnomer.  This simply means facts, not always the truth, but “facts” as we put it now, inside quotation marks, that others with armed thugs to support them and stolen cash, usually yours, don’t want you to know.
Releasing information is a balancing act, leverage, blackmail, push-back or simply the armies of stooges, police informants and time wasters that bad brain chemistry, 3rd rate intellect and the internet have empowered, crawling out from under their rocks.  This will bring out even more.  They have become easy to recognize as a cockroach in an omelet.
Kevin Barrett had asked me a couple of days ago to put this in book form.  This is what I told him:  Getting information from sources, real sources, is a process.  They give you want they can or wish or are told to.  You believe it or not, based on your own background, your ability to “push back” and what you can or cannot confirm from parallel sources.
No real information ever hits a book.  Chris Bollyn, in many ways a great investigative journalist, ran into this on 9/11.
I even look at the 2003 report that Snowden dropped on the Russians, stolen nukes, Bout, Israel, the story the media is working overtime to suppress.  When I go over what others of us have learned since 2003 with the DOE and IAEA investigators who were gagged and silenced by 2005, choked off from all new data, they are astounded at how much we got right, how much we missed but, moreover, how much we could have helped them.  These are nerds, some of them, the IAEA guys with years of field experience as well, some with strong special operations experience, but still nerds.
They are hybrids.  On the other side are the aged “Cold Warriors,” who grew up with the grand chess game with the Soviet bloc, looking beneath layer after layer, plot within plot.

No book comes out of this because no real investigation can ever be frozen in time.  Only movies have an ending, they run the credits and you wait for the sequel.  Real intelligence working teams continually reevaluate data, run changing hypotheses, and come up with endless new unanswered questions.  All new knowledge should add to unanswered questions, not to a book.  This is the failure of the “sniffers,” they never asked real questions.  Others of us, the Cold Warriors, when we see the questions stop, come to recognize the “limited hangout.”
The internet has made many lazy.  One new fact, sometimes an absolute gem of information intelligence agencies would and did kill for, to the untrained and undiscerning, means nothing.  All information is based on entertainment value, how marketable the story.  I just finished a recent piece on VT covering 9/11 and ISIS.  After one paragraph that presents a valid hypothesis, it then unravels into agenda driven garbage and “junk analysis.”
Let me tell you a secret:  The “west” accidentally murdered a valuable asset when they allowed themselves to be tied to supporting groups labeled with “Al Qaeda.”  Al Qaeda was an all purpose “brand” as it were, for an excuse to bomb the holy living shit out of anyone and anything.  Then John McCain and 2 generals working for Fox News showed the world that Al Qaeda was really an American handpuppet.
ISIS is a neocon creation with up to 4 dozen American contractors, Rangers, SEALs, Marines and Special Forces in their midst, receiving $350,000 a year laundered through the Caymans (see:  Mitt Romney), directing operations.  There is nothing we don’t know about ISIS.
Today you get a look at more boring science, boring to some at least.  What do the guys who make those secret UFO’s seen over Nevada or those pocket nuclear weapons think about some of the questions Dr. James had to ask?  Then again, it is for him to tell you the ones that got no answers.  Some went to “the labs,” others go to “the reading group.”  For those who live with a burning curiosity and would rather die informed than “safe,” reviewing our recent archive and writing your own little tiny book might be worthwhile.  I sure as hell won’t be writing it as to me, the movie never ends.g
Zero point energy is based on the Aether theory. Since Aether has a dielectric constant of 1 it can neither store nor lose an electrical charge. There for it is the perfect medium for the loss less transmission of energy. The Aethers function is to only transfer energy without loss. Aether sits between hydrogen and Helium on the periodic table taking up positions # two and three in “atomic weight”. One is called dark energy and the other is called dark matter.
Einstein only said that since aether was a lossless substance that is carried along with the earth like our atmosphere, you could basically ignore it in all calculations because it acts as an invisible substance. He never said that it did not exist. IE if space is curved because all magnetic lines of force are curved then it cannot be empty. Magnetism is the primary electro motive force that drives the universe. You cannot create nor destroy an electron, proton or a neutron. They are the only particles that do work (energy)or create matter. All sub atomic theory is nothing but science fiction that will never be proven.
There has never been one single sub atomic particle that has ever been detected in any nuclear explosion!!!! So the CERN ion-collider is a joke. They got it up to 4 million TERRA VOLTS at 64 micro watts per second or Jewels and nothing. No god particle exists, just junk science. Even if sub atomic particles do exist, anything smaller than a Gamma ray is not detectable. Sub atomic particles do no work nor create matter. It is the so called “lines of force” that hold all matter together and control the universe. They are the smallest particles if you want to call them a particle. The word particle means inadvisable.
By studying the effects of nuclear explosions or chain reactions you learn how the universe really works. The earth oscillates at about 3.14 hertz. Actually slightly less about 3.13 Hertz. All planets and stars oscillate due to the fact that they are spherical resonators isolated in space. You can see this oscillation on any really good computer based audio spectrum analyzer program. The signal sits at about -60DB. Tesla discovered this. It is not Schumann resonance. That is atmospheric oscillations only. If you tune into this with a really big coil you can draw energy from it. This is the true zero point energy.
If you use a magnetometer program in your cell phone you can find local hot spots that amplify this signal. They are called lay lines and nodes or anti nodes. Back in the 1920′s they were called earth currents. or telluric currents. You can wiki that. Gravity is based on this oscillation. The square root of 9.81 meters per second is PI.or 3.13 hertz. Gravity is the earth’s angular velocity due to rotation. This produces negative buoyancy by the body absorbing magnetic field lines. A gyro locks onto this signal. That is how it works. In order to create anti-gravity or to cancel gravity you simply push out the magnetic field lines using plasma. This is called positive buoyancy. Just like in ships and hot air balloons. Hot air is a plasma. This is how UFO’s work.
The key is magnetic buoyancy using plasma shielding of some type.
The Bell

In 1912, German physicist C. Ramsauer discovered the collision cross section of an electron with gas atoms is related to the speed of the electron. When the electron energy is relatively high, the scattering section of an Argon atom increases with a decrease in electron energy. But when the electron energy is less than a dozen eV, the scattering section decreases rapidly with a decrease in electron energy. In 1922, British physicist J. Townsend found a similar phenomenon. In classical theory, scattering section is independent of the speed of an electron, while Ramsauer and Townsend’s experimental results indicate an opposite theory, which can only be explained by quantum mechanics.

The Poulsen arc converter is a continuous duty arc generator with a tuned connected across the arc. The negative resistance characteristics of an electric arc permits the creation of a relaxation oscillator that converts direct current in to radio frequency energy. The arc converter consisted of a water-cooled chamber in which the arc burned in hydrogen gas between a cathode and a water-cooled anode. Above and below this chamber there are two series of field coils surrounding the two poles of the magnetic circuit. These poles are projected into the chamber, one on each side of the arc to provide a very intense magnetic field. The magnetic field helps to stabilize the arc and improve the efficiency of the plasma field.
Experimentation with this began as far back as WW1 by the Germans for the purpose of artificially making Helium gas out of Hydrogen gas. IE the basis of early German nuclear fusion experimentation was based on the cut off of American helium supply during the 1920′s and 30′s.
These reactions were well known by German scientist at the time and during WW2 it was weaponized by the Nazi’s resulting in the so called Nazi Bell experiments involving both nuclear Fission and nuclear Fusion research. In the Germans rush to develop nuclear weapons using this process they also discovered the phenomenon of Magnetic Buoyancy or Anti-Gravity.Early research into nuclear fission and fusion were published in Kernphysikalische Forschungsberichte (Research Reports in Nuclear Physics), this was a internal publication of the German Uranverein. Reports in this publication were classified Top Secret, by the Nazi high command and they had very limited distribution.
The authors were not allowed to even keep copies. The reports were confiscated under the Allied Operation Alsos and sent to the United States Atomic Energy Agency for evaluation.In 1971, most of the reports were declassified and returned to Germany. The surviving reports are available at the Karlsruhe Research Center. The Alsos Mission was part of the Manhattan Project during WW2 to create an atomic bomb. The Manhattan Project was also put in charged of coordinating foreign intelligence related to enemy nuclear activity, and the Alsos Mission was created to investigate the German nuclear Energy program.
The key to this discovery was the use of a modified WW1 era device used in very high powered spark gap transmitters called a Poulsen Ark Generator modified to be feed with either uranium oxide in a liquid form that was vaporized in an atomizer before undergoing electromagnetic compression in an arc chamber or by injecting the cell with a form of deuterium fluoride gas producing a low level nuclear reaction. IE Cold Fusion. By creating massive plasma balls that were contained within the arc chamber the Germans also discovered the effect of magnetic buoyancy or anti-gravity.
It was found that a very large plasma fire ball when properly contained and controlled would push out the magnetic field lines of the earth and the device would lose weight having to be chained down in some instances due to the massive repulsive force generated by the plasma fire ball against the earths natural magnetic field lines.
This diamagnetic effect was so strong that the Germans under the command of the SS tried to weaponize the effect. The results were called the Nazi Bell experiments on anti gravity propulsion and nuclear fission/fusion.
One of the biggest side effects were that every time they ran the reactor massive amounts of nuclear radiation would be released. The radiation problem was so sever that experiments could only be ran for a few minutes at a time. Engineers and technicians working on the project had to be constantly replace due to massive radiation sickness killing them off like flies. After the war the technology disappeared under project Paperclip. Recently some documents on the project have been discovered in old WW2 era KGB archives including the flowing drawings. More information on this technology will be published in a new upcoming book on the hidden history of German nuclear weapons and anti-gravity research.
Supporting Materials:

Muon catalyzed fusion (μCF) or Cold Fusion occurs in all layers of the hydrogen structure H/.1%T ⊕D 2 ⊕HD. The layer H/T acts as an emitter source of energetic atoms, due to the so-called Ramsauer-Townsend effect. These atoms are slowed down in the second layer of atoms (called a degrader) and are forced to undergo nuclear fusion in HD. The degrader affects the velocity of the atomic particles. This effect has not been considered until now in μCF catalytic reactions. It is due to the Townsend effect, considerable catalytic reactions occur producing excess thermal heat and radiation.
High precision study of muon catalyzed fusion in D2 and HD gas
Muon catalyzed dd fusion in D2 and HD gases in the temperature range from 28 to 35 K experiments based on a ionization chamber operating with pure hydrogen.
Muon Dynamics H–T/D2/H2–D2 at Low Temperature
Recently, muon catalyzed fusion in multilayered targets with H/D/T at temperature 3 K has been investigated. The latest theoretical and experimental works have confirmed that muon conversion efficiency in such multilayered systems is low.
Experimental search for the radiative capture reaction d + d → 4He + γ from the ddμ muonic molecule state J =
A search for the catalyzed fusion reaction d + d→ 4He + γ  was performed using  a high-pressure target filled with deuterium it was exposed to a electron beam.
A modified approach to muon-catalyzed fusion, employing helium-3 as fuel
Muon-catalyzed fusion (μCF) or cold fusion, employing hydrogen isotopes, is the only known form of fusion not requiring extremely high temperatures in order to catalyze a reaction. A modified approach utilizing existing and currently developing technology but employing helium-3 as the fuel source has recently been tried.


Thanks to KP at: http://kauilapele.wordpress.com